Spoken English Basic Foundation Notes

Goal: Remove fear, build basic grammar & start speaking English

Week 1: Introduction & Basics

• Importance of English in daily life
• Basic greetings & polite expressions
• Alphabet pronunciation & sounds
• Simple self-introduction
• Classroom English sentences

🌟 Importance of English in Daily Life

English plays a very important role in our everyday life. It is not just a subject in school, but a global language that helps us communicate, learn, and grow.

🗣️ 1. Communication

English helps us talk to people from different states and countries. It is commonly used in offices, schools, travel, and on the internet.

📚 2. Education & Knowledge

Most books, research papers, online courses, and study materials are available in English. Learning English gives access to global knowledge and better education.

💼 3. Career & Jobs

English improves job opportunities. Many companies prefer employees who can speak and write English confidently. It helps in interviews, meetings, and professional growth.

🌐 4. Technology & Internet

Computers, mobile apps, software, and the internet mostly use English. Knowing English makes it easy to use technology and social media.

✈️ 5. Travel & Tourism

English is an international language. While traveling, English helps in booking tickets, hotels, asking for help, and understanding signs.

🤝 6. Social Confidence

Speaking English increases confidence and personality. It helps in making friends, giving presentations, and expressing ideas clearly.

🎬 7. Entertainment

Movies, songs, news, and web series are widely available in English. Understanding English increases enjoyment and learning through entertainment.

✅ Conclusion

English is essential for communication, education, career, and confidence. Learning English helps us connect with the world and succeed in daily life.

🌟 Importance of English in Daily Life

(Simple version for school students)
English is an important language in our daily life. It helps us learn new things and talk to people easily.

🗣️ 1. Helps in Communication

English helps us speak with people from different places and countries.

📚 2. Helps in Studies

Many books, exams, and online classes are in English. It helps us understand our subjects better.

💼 3. Useful for Future Jobs

Knowing English helps us get good jobs in the future and do well in interviews.

🌐 4. Helps in Using Technology

Computers, mobiles, and the internet mostly use English. English makes technology easy to use.

✈️ 5. Helpful While Traveling

English helps us ask questions, read signs, and get help when we travel.

😊 6. Builds Confidence

Speaking English makes us confident and improves our personality.

🎬 7. Fun and Entertainment

We can enjoy English movies, songs, cartoons, and stories.

✅ Conclusion

English is very useful in our daily life. Learning English helps us study better, communicate well, and succeed in the future.

😊 Basic Greetings & Polite Expressions

(For school students – simple & easy)

👋 Basic Greetings

• Hello – Hi
• Hi – Hello (informal)
• Good Morning – (Before 12 noon)
• Good Afternoon – (12 noon to 4 PM)
• Good Evening – (After 4 PM)
• Good Night – (Before sleeping)
• How are you? – Asking about health
• I am fine, thank you. – Reply

🙏 Polite Expressions

• Please – Used while requesting
• Thank you – Showing thanks
• Thanks a lot – Big thanks
• You’re welcome – Reply to thank you
• Excuse me – To get attention / ask something
• Sorry – Saying apology
• May I come in? – Asking permission
• May I help you? – Offering help

🗣️ Daily Use Polite Sentences

• Please help me.
• Thank you very much.
• Sorry for the mistake.
• Excuse me, can you help me?
• May I sit here?
• Nice to meet you.

😊 Simple Self-Introduction

(For school students – easy English)

👦👧 Basic Self-Introduction (Short)

Hello!
My name is ________.
I am ___ years old.
I study in Class ___.
My school name is ________.
Thank you.

🏫 Self-Introduction (Little Longer)

Good morning teacher and my dear friends.
My name is ________.
I am ___ years old.
I study in Class ___.
My school name is ________.
I live in ________.
My favourite subject is ________.
Thank you.

🏡 Self-Introduction (With Hobbies)

Good morning everyone. My name is ________.
I am ___ years old.
I study in Class ___.
My school name is ________.
I live with my family.
My hobby is reading / playing / drawing.
Thank you.

🏡 Self-Introduction (With Hobbies)

Good morning everyone.
My name is ________.
I am ___ years old.
I study in Class ___.
My school name is ________.
I live with my family.
My hobby is reading / playing / drawing.
Thank you.

🗣️ Very Easy Lines (For Small Classes)

• My name is ________.
• I am a student.
• I study in Class ___.
• Thank you.

🏫 Classroom English Sentences

(Simple & useful for school students)

🙋 Asking Permission

• May I come in, sir/ma’am?
• May I sit here?
• May I go out?
• May I drink water?
• May I use the washroom?

🗣️ Talking to the Teacher

• Good morning, sir/ma’am.
• Please explain again.
• I don’t understand.
• I have a question.
• Sorry for being late.

✍️ During Study / Class Work

• Please give me a pen.
• I have completed my work.
• Please check my notebook.
• What is the meaning of this word?
• Can you repeat, please?



📚 Homework & Books

• What is today’s homework?
• I forgot my notebook.
• I have done my homework.
• May I open my book?



🤝 Talking to Classmates

• Can I sit with you?
• Please help me.
• Thank you.
• Sorry.
• Excuse me.



⏰ End of Class

• May I leave the class?
• Thank you, teacher.
• Goodbye, sir/ma’am.



Week 2: Parts of Speech & Nouns

(Simple & easy for school students)
Parts of Speech are groups of words that show how words are used in a sentence. There are 8 main Parts of Speech in English.




Noun

Naming Words

A noun is the name of a person, place, animal, thing, or idea.




Examples

• Person: boy, teacher, Rahul
• Place: school, park, India
• Animal: dog, cat, cow
• Thing: book, pen, chair
• Idea: honesty, happiness



Sentence

The boy is reading a book.




Types of nouns (basic)

• Common Noun: boy, city
• Proper Noun: Rahul, Delhi
• Common for students: Name words



Pronoun

Words used instead of Nouns

A pronoun is used in place of a noun to avoid repetition.




Examples

• i, we, you, he, she, it, they



Sentence

• Riya is my sister. She is kind.



Common pronouns

• He- for a boy.
• She- for a girl.
• It- for things/animals



Verb

Action or doing words

A verb shows action or state of being.




Examples

• run, eat, play, write
• is, am, are (helping verbs)



Sentence

• I play football
• She is happy



Types(Easy)

• Action Verb: run, jump
• Helping Verb: is, am, are



Adjective

Describing Words

An adjective describes a noun. It tells how, which, how many, what kind.




Examples

• big, small, red, beautiful, five



Sentence

• This is a beautifulflower.
• I have two pens.



Note

Adjectives always describe nouns.




Adverb

Describes a verb

An adverb tells how, when, where, or how much an action happens.




Examples

• quickly, slowly, today, here, very



Sentence

• She runs fast
• He came yesterday



Easy Tip

• Many adverbs end with -ly (slowly, quickly)



Preposition

Position words

A preposition shows the position or place of a noun.




Examples

• in, on, under, behind, near, between



Sentence

• This book is on the table.
• The cat is under the chair.



Easy Trick

• Prepositions answer Where?



Conjunction

Joining words

A conjunction joins words or sentences.




Examples

• and, but, or, because



Sentence

• I like tea and coffee.
• He is poor but honest.



Interjection

Feeling words

An interjection shows strong feelings or emotions.




Examples

• wow, oh, hurrah, alas, hey



Sentence

• Wow!That is great.
• AlasHe failed the exam.



Note

• Interjections are often followed by !



What are Articles?

Articles are small words used before nouns. They help us know which noun we are talking aboutclass=""




There are 3 articles in English

• A, An, The



A

👉 Used before singular nouns (one person/thing) Use “A” before words that start with a consonant sound.




Examples

• a boy
• a cat
• a pen
• a school



Sentence

• I have a pen.
• She saw a dog.



An

👉 Used before singular nouns Use “An” before words that start with a vowel sound.




Vowel sounds:

a, e, i, o, u




Examples

• an apple
• an egg
• an umbrella
• an orange



Sentence

• He eats an apple
• She has an umbrella



Important

It depends on sound, not spelling.

• an hour (Silent h)
• an honest man
• a hour (Wrong)



The

👉 Used for specific nouns “The” is used when we talk about a particular person or thing.




Uses of "The"

• When the noun is known
• When there is only one



Examples

• the sun
• the moon
• the teacher



Sentence

• The sun rises in the east.
• Please open the door



📌 When NOT to use Articles

❌ Before:

• Proper nouns: Ramesh, India
• Plural nouns (general): Books are useful.
• Uncountable nouns: Milk, water, rice

Milk is healty




Practice for students

Fill in the blanks:

• 1. I have ___ apple.
• 2. She is ____ girl.
• 3. __ sun is very hot.



⭐ Easy Tip to Remember

• 👉 A / An = Any one
• 👉 The = That one



🗣️ Speaking Practice with Nouns & Pronouns

(Easy oral practice for school students)




🔹 What are we practicing?

• Noun → Name word (boy, girl, school, book)
• Pronoun → Used instead of noun (he, she, it, they)



Practice: Replace Noun with Pronoun

👉 Say the sentences aloud

• Rohit is my friend. → He is my friend.
• Sita is a good girl. → She is a good girl.
• The dog is hungry. → It is hungry.
• The boys are playing. → They are playing.



Daily speaking sentences

👉 Read and speak loudly

• I am a student.
• She is my teacher.
• He plays cricket.
• It is a big bag.
• They are my friends.
• We go to school daily.



Ask & Answer Practice (Pair Practice)

Q: Who is he?
A: He is my brother.

Q: Who is she?
A: She is my sister.

Q: What is this?
A: It is a book.

Q: Who are they?
A: They are students.




Change the Sentence (Speak)

Teacher says noun → Student says pronoun:

• Ramesh → He
• Radha → She
• The cat → It
• The children → They



Very Easy Practice (Class 1–3)

👉 Repeat after teacher:

Boy → He Girl → She Pen → It Boys → They



Small Speaking Drill (30 Seconds)

“My name is Rahul. I am a student. This is my school. It is big. My friends are here. They are very kind.”




⭐ Teacher Tip

• Speak slowly
• Use hand actions
• Practice daily for 5 minutes



Week 3: ⏰ Tenses – Basic Explanation

What are tenses?

Tense tells us when an action happens.




👉 There are 3 basic tenses in English:

• Present Tense
• Past Tense
• Future Tense



📘 Types of Present Tense

In English, Present Tense has 4 main types. They tell us different ways an action happens in the present time.




1. Present Tense

👉 Action happens now or regulaly.




Use

• Daily habits
• Facts
• Things happening now (simple level)



Structure

structure + verb

(He/She/It → verb + s/es)




Examples

• I go to school.
• She goes to school.
• We play cricket.
• He reads a book.
• The sun rises in the east.



Negative Sentences

• I do not go late.
• She does not play today.



Question Sentences

• Doyou play cricket?
• Doeshe like milk?



Speaking practice very useful

Say loudly:

• I read a book.
• I read a book yesterday.
• I will read a book tomorrow.



📝 Practice for Students

Fill in the blanks

• She ___ (play) every day.
• She ___ (play) yesterday.
• She ___ (play) tomorrow.



⭐ Easy Memory Trick

• Present → today
• Past → yesterday
• Future → tomorrow



Present Continuous Tense

👉 Action happening right now




structure

Subject + is / am / are + verb + ing




Examples

• I am reading now.
• She is writing a letter.
• They are playing football.



Negative

• He is not watching TV



Question

• Is she studying now?
• Are they listening?



Present Perfect Tense

👉 Action just finished or result seen now




structure

Subject + has / have + verb (3rd form)




Examples

• I have done my homework.
• She has eaten food.
• They have reached school.



Negative

• I have not finished work.



Question

• Have you completed it?
• Has he gone home?



Present Perfect Continuous Tense

👉 Action started in the past and still going on




structure

Subject + has / have been + verb + ing




Examples

• I have been studying for two hours.
• She has been waiting since morning.
• They have been playing for a long time.



Negative

• He has not been working today.



Question

• Have you been reading?
• Has she been crying?



⭐ Easy Memory Trick

• Daily → Simple Present
• Now → Present Continuous
• Just done → Present Perfect
• Since / For → Present Perfect Continuous



Types of past tense

The Past Tense tells us about an action that already happened. There are 4 main types of Past Tense.




Simple Past Tense

👉 Action completed in the past




structure

Subject + verb (past form)




Examples

• I went to school yesterday.
• She played football.
• We watched a movie.
• He ate an apple.



Time Words

yesterday, last day, ago




Negative

• I did not go there.
• She did not play today.



Question

• Did you see him?
• Did she finish work?



Past continuous tense

👉 Action was going on at a specific time in the past




Structure

Subject + was / were + verb + ing




Examples

• I was reading at 7 PM.
• She was cooking food.
• They were playing in the park.
• We were studying at night.



Negative

• He was not sleeping.
• They were not shouting.



Question

• Was She writing them?
• Were You waiting?



Past Perfect Tense

👉 Action finished before another past action




Structure

Subject + had + verb (3rd form)




Examples

• I had finished my homework before dinner.
• She had left before I came.
• They had won the match.



Negative

• He had not done the work.



Question

• Had you seen him before?



Past Perfect Continuous Tense

👉 Action started earlier in the past and continued for some time




Structure

Subject + had been + verb + ing




Examples

• I had been studying for two hours.
• She had been waiting since morning.
• They had been playing for a long time.



Negative

• He had not been working properly.



Question

• Had you been reading?



⭐ Easy Memory Trick

• Yesterday → Simple Past
• Was/Were + ing → Past Continuous
• Had + V³ → Past Perfect
• Had been + ing → Past Perfect Continuous



📝 Practice for Students

Fill in the blanks:

• She ___ (play) yesterday.
• They ___ ___ (was/were) watching TV.
• I ___ ___ finished my work.
• He ___ ___ ___ studying for two hours.



📘 Types of Future Tense

The Future Tense tells us about an action that will happen later. There are 4 main types of Future Tense.




Simple future tense

👉 Action that will happen in the future




structure

Subject + will + verb (base form)




Examples

• I will go to school tomorrow.
• She will help her mother.
• We will play cricket.
• They will win the match.



Negative

• I will not go there.
• He will not come today.



Question

• Will you help me?
• Will she come tomorrow?



Future continuous tense

👉 Action will be going on at a time in the future




Structure

Subject + will be + verb + ing




Examples

• I will be studying at 7 PM.
• She will be cooking dinner.
• They will be playing tomorrow evening.



Negative

He will not be working then.




Question

Will you be waiting for me?




Future Perfect tense

👉 Action will be completed before a future time




structure

Subject + will have + verb (3rd form)




Examples

• I will have finished my homework by 8 PM.
• She will have reached home.
• They will have won the match.



Negative

He will not have completed the work.




Question

Will you have done it by tomorrow?




Future Perfect Continuous Tense

👉 Action will continue for some time up to a future point




structure

Subject + will have been + verb + ing




Examples

• I will have been studying for two hours by 9 PM.
• She will have been waiting since morning.
• They will have been playing for a long time.



🔸 Negative

He will not have been working long.




🔸 Question

Will you have been practicing English?




⭐ Easy Memory Trick

• Will + V¹ → Simple Future
• Will be + ing → Future Continuous
• Will have + V³ → Future Perfect
• Will have been + ing → Future Perfect Continuous



Week 4: Verbs & Daily Speaking

What is a verb?

A verb is a doing word. It tells us about an action or state.




Example

run, eat, write, is




Main Verbs

👉 Action or meaning verbs

Main verbs show the main action in a sentence. They can be used alone or with helping verbs.




Example of main verbs

• play
• eat
• go
• read
• write



Sentences

• I play cricket.
• She reads a book.
• They eat food.



Helping verbs

👉 Support the main verb
Helping verbs help the main verb to show:



• time (tense)
• mood
• continuity



Common helping verbs

Forms of "Be"

is, am, are, was, were




Forms of "have"

has, have, had




Forms of "Do"

do, does, did




Future helping verb

will, shall




Examples with helping verbs

• I am reading.
• She has finished work.
• They are playing.
• He will go tomorrow.
• Do you like milk?



One Verb Can Be Both

Some verbs can act as main or helping verbs.




Example: is

• She is a teacher -> (Main verb)
• She is teaching-> (Helping verb)



Practice for stdent

Find the helping verb and main verb:

• She is writing a letter.
• They have finished work.
• I will go home.



Easy Tip to Remember

• Main verb=action
• Helping verb=support



If you want, I can:

• Give spoken practice
• Create worksheets / MCQs
• Add Hindi explanation
• Prepare PDF notes
• Teach verb forms (V¹, V², V³)



📘 Modal Verbs – Can, Should, Must

Modal verbs are helping verbs. They show ability, advice, permission, duty, or necessity.




What are modal verbs?

• are used before the main verb
• do not change with subject (no s/es)
• are followed by base form of verb



Structure

Subject + modal verb + verb (base form)




Can

👉 Ability / Permission / Possibility




Uses

• Ability: what someone can do
• Permission: asking or giving permission
• Possibility: something may happen



Examples

• I can read English. (ability)
• She can swim.
• can I go out? (permission)
• It can rain today. (possibility)



Negative

I cannot (can’t) swim.




Question

Can you help me?




Should

👉 Advice / Suggestion / Good idea




Uses

• To give advice
• To say what is right or good



Examples

• You should study daily.
• We should respect our teachers.
• He should eat healthy food.



Negative

You should not (shouldn’t) waste time.




Question

Should I call him?




Must

👉 Duty / Rule / Strong need




Uses

• To show duty or rule
• To show strong necessity



Examples

• Students must follow rules.
• You must wear a helmet.
• We must be honest.



Negative

You must not (mustn’t) smoke here.




Question

Must I finish this work today?




🗣️ Speaking Practice (Say Aloud)

• I can speak English.
• I should practice daily.
• I must respect my parents.



📝 Practice for Students

Fill in the blanks:

• I ___ read English. (can)
• You ___ do your homework. (should)
• We ___ follow school rules. (must)



⭐ Easy Tip to Remember

• Can → ability
• Should → advice
• Must → rule



🗣️ Daily Use English Sentences

Morning/Greeting Sentences

• Good morning.
• How are you?
• I am fine, thank you.
• Nice to meet you.
• Have a nice day.



🏫 Classroom / School Sentences

• May I come in, sir/ma’am?
• Please explain again.
• I don’t understand.
• What is today’s homework?
• May I go to the washroom?



🏠 Home & Family Sentences

• I am hungry.
• Please give me water.
• I am going to school.
• Where is my bag?
• I have finished my work.



🛒 Daily Activities

• What are you doing?
• I am studying now.
• Please help me.
• Wait for me.
• Let’s go.



🤝 Polite & Common Sentences

• Please sit here.
• Thank you very much.
• You’re welcome.
• Sorry for the mistake.
• Excuse me.



🍽️ Food & Daily Needs

• I want some food.
• I like tea.
• The food is tasty.
• I am thirsty.
• Let’s eat.



🌙 Evening / Night Sentences

• Good evening.
• What time is it?
• I am tired.
• Good night.
• See you tomorrow.



🗣️ Speaking Practice (Say Aloud)

• I am learning English.
• English is easy.
• I can speak English.
• I practice every day.



📝 Practice for Students

Fill in the blanks:



• Good _______.
• Please _____ me.
• Thank _____.



🗣️ Basic Conversation Practice

Greeting Conversation

• A: Hello!
• B: Hi!
• A: How are you?
• B: I am fine. Thank you.
• A: Nice to meet you.
• B: Nice to meet you too.



Classroom Conversation

• Student: Good morning, sir.
• Teacher: Good morning.
• Student: May I come in?
• Teacher: Yes, come in.
• Student: Thank you, sir.



Asking for help

• A: Excuse me.
• B: Yes?
• A: Can you help me?
• B: Yes, sure.
• A: Thank you.
• B: You’re welcome.



At home Conversation

• A: Mom, I am hungry.
• B: Food is ready.
• A: Thank you, mom.
• B: You’re welcome.



With friends

• A: What are you doing?
• B: I am studying.
• A: Let's play
• B: Okay, let's go



Shopping Conversation

• Customer: How much is this pen?
• Shopkeeper: It is ten rupees.
• Customer: Give me one, please.
• Shopkeeper: Here you are.
• Customer: Thank you.



Short Yes / No Practice

Can you read English?

→ Yes, I can. / No, I can’t.




Are you a student?

→ Yes, I am. / No, I am not.




🗣️ Speaking Drill (Repeat Daily)

• My name is ______
• I am learning English.
• I can speak English.
• I practice every day.



📝 Practice for Students

Complete the dialogue:
A: Good Morning.
B:_____________
A: How are you?
B:____________