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Lesson 5 of 10 – Adjective
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Adjective (विशेषण)

An Adjective is a word that describes or modifies a noun or pronoun. It gives extra information about a person, place, animal, thing, or idea.

Definition:
An Adjective is a word that describes a noun or pronoun.

हिंदी:
जो शब्द किसी संज्ञा (Noun) या सर्वनाम (Pronoun) की विशेषता बताता है उसे Adjective (विशेषण) कहते हैं।
What is an Adjective?

Adjectives tell us more about nouns and pronouns. They make sentences more meaningful and interesting.

Ram is a good boy.
I have a red pen.
She bought three books.
This is a beautiful garden.

Good, red, three and beautiful are adjectives because they describe nouns.

Why are Adjectives Important?

Without adjectives, sentences become simple and less descriptive.

Without Adjective With Adjective
I have a car. I have a red car.
She lives in a house. She lives in a large house.
He is a boy. He is a smart boy.
Functions of Adjectives
  • Quality → beautiful, honest, intelligent
  • Quantity → much, little, some
  • Number → one, two, three
  • Color → red, blue, green
  • Size → big, small, tall
Types of Adjectives

There are different types of adjectives used in English Grammar.

Type Example
Adjective of Quality Honest boy, Beautiful girl
Adjective of Quantity Some water, Much money
Adjective of Number One pen, Five books
Demonstrative Adjective This book, That house
Possessive Adjective My bag, Your pen
Interrogative Adjective Which book? What color?
Adjective of Quality

An Adjective of Quality describes the quality or nature of a noun.

Rahul is an honest boy.
This is a beautiful flower.
She is a kind woman.
He is a brave soldier.

Words like honest, beautiful, kind and brave tell us about the quality of a person or thing.

Adjective of Quantity

An Adjective of Quantity tells us how much of something is present.

I have some money.
There is little milk in the glass.
He has enough food.
We need more water.

These adjectives answer the question "How much?"

Adjective of Number

An Adjective of Number tells us how many persons, animals, or things are present.

I have two brothers.
There are ten students in the class.
She bought five notebooks.
He has one bicycle.

These adjectives answer the question "How many?"

Demonstrative Adjectives

Demonstrative Adjectives point out specific persons or things.

This book is mine.
That house is beautiful.
These flowers are fresh.
Those boys are playing.

This, That, These and Those are Demonstrative Adjectives.

Possessive Adjectives

Possessive Adjectives show ownership or possession.

My book is on the table.
Your pen is blue.
His car is new.
Their house is large.

They tell us to whom something belongs.

Degrees of Adjective

Degrees of Adjective are used to compare people, animals, places, or things.

Degree Example
Positive tall
Comparative taller
Superlative tallest
Ram is tall. (Positive)
Ram is taller than Shyam. (Comparative)
Ram is the tallest boy in the class. (Superlative)
Rules for Degrees
  • Short adjectives usually add -er and -est.
  • Tall → Taller → Tallest
  • Small → Smaller → Smallest
  • Long adjectives use more and most.
  • Beautiful → More Beautiful → Most Beautiful
  • Intelligent → More Intelligent → Most Intelligent
Position of Adjectives

Adjectives can be used before nouns or after linking verbs.

She is a smart girl.
The flower is beautiful.
He is honest.
The sky is blue.
Common Mistakes
Wrong Correct
He is more taller. He is taller.
She is very tallest. She is the tallest.
An honestest man The most honest man
More better Better
Comparison of Adjective Types
Type Question Answered Example
Quality What kind? Beautiful girl
Quantity How much? Some milk
Number How many? Three books
Demonstrative Which one? This book
Possessive Whose? My pen
Points to Remember
  • Adjectives describe nouns and pronouns.
  • They tell quality, quantity, number, color, size, and shape.
  • There are different types of adjectives.
  • Adjectives have three degrees of comparison.
  • Comparative degree compares two things.
  • Superlative degree compares more than two things.
  • Adjectives make sentences clearer and more meaningful.

🧠 Quick Quiz

Which of the following is an Adjective?



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