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Lesson 8 of 10 โ€“ Conjunction
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Conjunction (เคธเค‚เคฏเฅ‹เคœเค•)

A Conjunction is a word that joins words, phrases, clauses, or sentences together. Conjunctions help make sentences smooth, meaningful, and connected.

Note: Conjunctions are called joining words because they connect ideas and improve sentence flow.
What is a Conjunction?

A conjunction is a word used to connect two or more words, groups of words, or sentences.

Ram and Shyam are friends.
I was tired, but I finished my work.
Study hard or you will fail.

Words such as and, but, or, because, if, although are conjunctions.

Why Do We Use Conjunctions?

Conjunctions help us join ideas and avoid repeating words again and again.

  • Connect words and sentences.
  • Improve sentence structure.
  • Make speaking and writing smoother.
  • Show reason, choice, condition, contrast, and result.
Without conjunction:
Ram is intelligent. Ram is hardworking.

With conjunction:
Ram is intelligent and hardworking.
Types of Conjunctions

There are three main types of conjunctions in English Grammar.

Type Purpose
Coordinating Joins equal words or clauses
Subordinating Joins dependent and independent clauses
Correlative Works in pairs
Coordinating Conjunctions

Coordinating conjunctions join words, phrases, or clauses of equal importance.

Ram and Shyam play cricket.
She is poor but honest.
Would you like tea or coffee?

The seven coordinating conjunctions are remembered by the word FANBOYS.

FANBOYS (Coordinating Conjunctions)

FANBOYS is a memory trick used to remember the seven coordinating conjunctions.

Letter Word Meaning
F For Reason
A And Addition
N Nor Negative Choice
B But Contrast
O Or Choice
Y Yet Unexpected Contrast
S So Result
Examples of FANBOYS
โœ” I stayed home, for it was raining.
โœ” Ram and Shyam are brothers.
โœ” He does not eat meat, nor does he drink milk.
โœ” She is poor, but honest.
โœ” Would you like tea or coffee?
โœ” He worked hard, yet failed.
โœ” I was tired, so I slept early.
Subordinating Conjunctions

Subordinating conjunctions join a dependent clause with an independent clause.

They show reason, condition, time, contrast, purpose, and result.

Conjunction Use
Because Reason
If Condition
When Time
Although Contrast
Before Time
After Time
Since Reason/Time
Examples of Subordinating Conjunctions
โœ” I stayed at home because it was raining.
โœ” If you study hard, you will pass.
โœ” Call me when you arrive.
โœ” Although he was sick, he went to school.
โœ” Wash your hands before eating.
โœ” We played after school.
Correlative Conjunctions

Correlative conjunctions always work in pairs.

Pair Example
Either ... Or Either Ram or Mohan will come.
Neither ... Nor Neither Ram nor Mohan came.
Both ... And Both Ram and Shyam are present.
Not Only ... But Also He is not only smart but also hardworking.
Whether ... Or I don't know whether he will come or not.
Important Rules of Conjunctions
  • And is used to add similar ideas.
  • But is used to show contrast.
  • Or is used to show choice.
  • Because is used to give a reason.
  • If is used to show a condition.
  • Although is used to show contrast between two ideas.
  • Correlative conjunctions must always be used in pairs.
โœ” Ram is intelligent and hardworking.
โœ” He is rich but unhappy.
โœ” Work hard or you will fail.
โœ” I stayed home because it was raining.
Common Mistakes
Wrong Correct
Because he was tired, so he slept. Because he was tired, he slept.
If you will come, I will help. If you come, I will help.
Although he was poor but honest. Although he was poor, he was honest.
Either Ram and Shyam. Either Ram or Shyam.
Neither Ram or Mohan. Neither Ram nor Mohan.
Conjunction Comparison Chart
Conjunction Purpose Example
And Addition Ram and Shyam
But Contrast Poor but honest
Or Choice Tea or Coffee
Because Reason Stayed home because it rained
If Condition If you study
Although Contrast Although tired
Points to Remember
  • Conjunctions are joining words.
  • They connect words, phrases, and clauses.
  • There are three main types of conjunctions.
  • FANBOYS represents coordinating conjunctions.
  • Subordinating conjunctions connect dependent clauses.
  • Correlative conjunctions always work in pairs.
  • Correct conjunction usage improves spoken and written English.
  • Avoid using double conjunctions like because + so.

๐Ÿง  Quick Quiz

Which conjunction is used to show contrast?



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