Lesson 4 of 10 – Verb
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Verb (क्रिया)

A Verb is one of the most important parts of speech. It tells us what a person, animal, place, or thing does. Without a verb, a sentence is incomplete.

Definition:
A Verb is a word that shows an action, state, or possession.

हिंदी:
जो शब्द किसी कार्य, अवस्था या अधिकार का बोध कराए उसे Verb (क्रिया) कहते हैं।
What is a Verb?

A Verb tells us what someone or something does. Every complete sentence must contain a verb.

Examples:
Ram runs fast.
She writes a letter.
I eat food.
They play cricket.

In the above sentences, runs, writes, eat and play are verbs because they show action.

Why is Verb Important?

A sentence cannot express a complete meaning without a verb. The verb shows action, condition, feeling, or ownership.

Sentence Verb
He plays football. plays
She is happy. is
I have a car. have
Functions of Verbs

A Verb mainly performs three functions:

  • Action → run, write, eat, play
  • State → am, is, are, was, were
  • Possession → have, has, had
Action → Ram runs daily.
State → She is a teacher.
Possession → I have a laptop.
Action Verbs (कार्य बताने वाली क्रिया)

Action Verbs show physical or mental actions performed by a subject.

run (दौड़ना)
eat (खाना)
write (लिखना)
read (पढ़ना)
think (सोचना)
Sentence Examples:
  • Ram runs fast.
  • She writes a letter.
  • I read newspapers.
  • They think carefully.
State Verbs (अवस्था बताने वाली क्रिया)

State verbs describe a condition, feeling, emotion, or state of being instead of an action.

am
is
are
was
were
seem
appear
feel
Examples:
  • I am happy.
  • She is a doctor.
  • They were present yesterday.
  • The food seems delicious.
Possession Verbs (अधिकार बताने वाली क्रिया)

Possession verbs show ownership or possession of something.

have
has
had
Examples:
  • I have a laptop.
  • She has a beautiful house.
  • They had a car.
Main Verb (मुख्य क्रिया)

A Main Verb carries the primary meaning of a sentence.

Ram plays cricket.
She writes a letter.
I eat food.

Here play, write and eat are Main Verbs because they show the main action.

Helping Verb (सहायक क्रिया)

Helping Verbs help the main verb to complete the meaning of a sentence.

Common Helping Verbs:
am
is
are
was
were
has
have
had
do
does
did
Examples:
  • She is reading a book.
  • I have completed my work.
  • They were playing football.
Main Verb vs Helping Verb
Sentence Helping Verb Main Verb
She is reading. is reading
I have written. have written
They were playing. were playing
Linking Verb (जोड़ने वाली क्रिया)

A Linking Verb connects the subject with additional information instead of showing action.

am
is
are
was
were
become
seem
Examples:
  • Ram is intelligent.
  • The sky became dark.
  • She seems tired.

These verbs connect the subject with its description.

Modal Verbs (मोडल क्रियाएँ)

Modal verbs express ability, permission, possibility, necessity, advice, or future actions.

can
could
may
might
must
shall
should
will
would
Examples:
  • I can swim.
  • You should study regularly.
  • She may come tomorrow.
  • We must obey rules.
Transitive Verb (सकर्मक क्रिया)

A Transitive Verb requires an object to complete its meaning.

Ram eats an apple.
She writes a letter.
I bought a laptop.

Here apple, letter and laptop are objects. Without the object, the meaning remains incomplete.

Intransitive Verb (अकर्मक क्रिया)

An Intransitive Verb does not require an object. The sentence gives complete meaning without an object.

The baby cried.
Birds fly.
The sun rises.

These verbs do not need any object.

Verb Forms (V1, V2, V3, V4, V5)

Every verb has different forms that are used in different tenses.

V1 V2 V3 V4 V5
Go Went Gone Going Goes
Eat Ate Eaten Eating Eats
Write Wrote Written Writing Writes
Regular and Irregular Verbs
Regular Verbs
Play → Played → Played
Work → Worked → Worked
Walk → Walked → Walked
Irregular Verbs
Go → Went → Gone
Eat → Ate → Eaten
Write → Wrote → Written

Regular verbs generally add -ed, while irregular verbs change completely.

Common Verb Mistakes
Wrong Correct
He go to school. He goes to school.
I have saw him. I have seen him.
She don't like tea. She doesn't like tea.
They is playing. They are playing.
Daily Use Verbs
Verb Hindi Meaning
Eatखाना
Drinkपीना
Readपढ़ना
Writeलिखना
Speakबोलना
Sleepसोना
Walkचलना
Runदौड़ना
Learnसीखना
Teachसिखाना
Points to Remember
  • A Verb is the heart of every sentence.
  • Verbs show action, state, or possession.
  • Main verbs carry the main meaning.
  • Helping verbs support main verbs.
  • Modal verbs show ability, permission, and possibility.
  • Transitive verbs require an object.
  • Intransitive verbs do not require an object.
  • Verb forms are important for learning tenses.
  • Always use the correct verb form according to the subject and tense.

🧠 Quick Quiz

Which of the following is a Helping Verb?